Khóa Luận: How to make a succussful oral Presentation

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PART 1: INTRODUCTION

1. Rationale

Until now, English has been considered very important in every field of each society such as: diplomacy, business, education and science and technology. Because of its globalization, English has become the crucial medium in communication.

In Vietnam, since 1986, English has become very popular because there have been English-speaking people coming to, visit or work in Viet Nam. They come to Vietnam not only because they want to do business with the Vietnamese but also they want to get to know about the people, the cultures and explore the beauty of Vietnam. Specially, with the open-door policy, many foreigners have been attracted by Vietnam. Thus, English has been the key to Vietnam’s regional and global integration. English is used not only between the Vietnamese and foreigners but also between the Vietnamese and the Vietnamese. Vietnamese people need to be able to communicate in English successfully and effectively. The lack of communicative ability in oral and other language skills in using English can put Vietnamese regionally and internationally in an inferior position both in politics and economics. “Khóa luận: How to make a succussful oral Presentation”

In Haiphong Private University, English is a compulsory subject and certainly, every student knows that it will be important for their future job. They will use English at work. The students here opt for English due to their realization that a high proficiency in English will give them more opportunities for employment. Among the four languages skills, most students think that speaking is the most important in the first year of studying in Haiphong Private University. Furthermore, after graduation the students will have to do business, negotiate with the partners in English to sell their products to them. To make these successfully, they must have a good ability of English especially communicating orally in it.

As a first- year English major at Haiphong Private University, during English speaking period, I realize that my-self and my friends still get some difficulties when making a presentation. This is actually a problem when we have to present in many occasions such final internship report or graduation paper. It becomes more serious when we are going to graduate and having to find jobs in the real life.

For such reasons, I hope that the study will help me and the freshman English majors at HPU improve our presentation skill remarkably, meeting the reality demand.

2. Aims of the thesis “Khóa luận: How to make a succussful oral Presentation”

This study is aimed at making a successful presentation for the 1^st year students at Haiphong Private University. It includes the participation of 60 the first year English majors who are in their second semester at Haiphong Private University. Some possible solutions are given to help my students overcome those difficulties so as to make a successful a presentation. To be specific, the aims of the study are finding the factors that causes the difficulties for the student in their presentation in order to clarify how to solve difficulties and give some tips for a successful presentation of the 1^st year students at Haiphong Private University. To investigate the students’ perceptions about the importance of presentation skills in their future work.

3. Scope of the thesis

This study mainly focuses on presentation skills in English in the classroom setting. It involves the participation of 60 the first year English majors who are in their second semester at Haiphong Private University. The findings and suggested solutions most appropriately applied to the student. That is, the student will be able to find ways to improve their process of learning oral presentation skills. Specifically, the students will be able to attain better oral presentation skills and have quite a good preparation for the future. I hope that my study will be a reference for the English major at HPU who want to get improvements in making a presentation.

4. Methods of the thesis “Khóa luận: How to make a succussful oral Presentation”

The study has been conducted in the form of survey research with its technique of questionnaire with informants of two classes of 60 1^st year majors of English at Haiphong Private University. In addition to the questionnaire, discussions with the informants and personal observation were also conducted. In order to examine the situation of the study, this research used the following methods: In NA2201N and NA2201 classes, after observing two practical lessons, all students who received the questionnaire included 21 questions. Students completed the questionnaire very positively and answer specifically. When interviewed, students present their opinions extremely specifically and responsibly. Based on the survey, the data collected from the questionnaire and class observation will then be analyzed and generalized. Moreover, research is conducted based on documents, books, magazines, in libraries and websites. Important factors are the references from my teachers in foreign language department.

5. Organization of the thesis

The thesis consists of three main parts:

• Part one is the introduction, presents the rationale for the study, the aims, scope, methods and organization of the thesis.
• Part two is the development, the most essential part, including three chapters:
• + Chapter 1: Literature review
• + Chapter2: Difficulties face by the first year English major at HPU when making a presentation
• + Chapter 3: How to make a successful presentation.
• Part three is the conclusion of my thesis.

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CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW “Khóa luận: How to make a succussful oral Presentation”

1. Presentation understanding

1.1 What is a presentation?

In order to have successful presentations, we must understand exactly what the presentation is? According to website skillsyouneed.com, the definition from webpage:

“Presentation is the practice of showing and explaining the content of the topic to an audience or learner.

Presentation is also the means of communication which can be adapted to various speaking situation, such as talking to a group, addressing a meeting or briefing a team.

A presentation can also be used as a broad term that encompasses other ‘speaking engagement’ such as making a speech at a wedding, or getting a point across in a video conference.

A presentation requires you to get a message across to the listeners and will often contain a persuasive element.”

Based on this definition, presenting information clearly and effectively is a key skill to get your opinion across, and today, presentation skills are required in almost every field.

According to the literature on oral presentations, one more definition comes from Morrissey & Sechrest (1987:2): “A presentation involves the preparation and delivery of critical subject matter in a logical and condensed form, leading to effective communication”. “Khóa luận: How to make a succussful oral Presentation”

Finally, the researcher gives out a definition that is considered the most comprehensive. “Presentation is an even at which preplanned material is shown to audience for a specific purpose. Although a presentation is a verbal form of communication, it is often supported by other media, such as a computer software, slides, printed handouts, and so on and to be successful, appropriate body language and good interpersonal communication skills are prepared. A presentation is normally intended to introduce something new to the audience, to persuade them of a viewpoint, or to inform them of something. Sale representatives use presentations when introducing a product to a potential customer. Presentations are also used in team briefing and other business contexts”.

In conclusion, we can see from definitions mentioned above, a presentation is understood according to a lot of its meanings, depending on certain circumstances. But simply, it can be said that presentations are used by all people every day. It may be a short talk, a formal talk or a speaking even but in general, it is made for the purpose of communicating among people.

1.2 Distribution of presentation

Presentation skills are one of the soft skills needed to succeed, or in other words successful people are those who have very good presentation skills.

A presentation that provides information can be used for many purposes and topics.

The main purpose of the presentation is to share a person’s understanding of a topic, content, knowledge with the audience, or persuade people to agree with the speaker’s opinions. “Khóa luận: How to make a succussful oral Presentation”

There are many types of presentation depend on audience you are going to present to, as well as the type of ideas and information you want to share and expectations of the assignment will all impact on the choice you make.

This is one way to classify presentations. Another division of presentation comes from Randall P. Whatley, President, Cypress Media Group who suggests that the first step in preparing a presentation is to define the purpose of your presentation and figures out an overview of several common types of presentations and their purpose. Each presentation type requires a specific organization technique to assure they are understood and remembered by the audience. The suggested organizational structure is also provided.

Informative

Keep an informative presentation brief and to the point. Stick to the facts and avoid complicated information. Choose one of the following organizational structures for an informative presentation.

Time

• Explains when things should happen.
• Works best with visual people or people who can see the overall organization or sequence of events.

Place

• Explains where things should happen
• Works best with people who understand the group or area you are talking about.

Cause and Effect

• Explains how things should happen.
• Works best with people who understand the relationship between events.
• Use phrases like “Because of __________, we now have to ________”

Logical Order

• Simply list items in their order of importance. “Khóa luận: How to make a succussful oral Presentation”
• Works best with people who are accustomed to breaking down complex data into components in order to digest the material.

Instructional

Your purpose in an instructional presentation is to give specific directions or orders. Your presentation will probably be a bit longer, because it has to cover your topic thoroughly. In an instructional presentation, your listeners should come away with new knowledge or a new skill.

• Explain why the information or skill is valuable to the audience.
• Explain the learning objectives of the instructional program.
• Demonstrate the process if it involves something in which the audience will later participate using the following method.
• Demonstrate it first without comment.
• Demonstrate it again with a brief explanation.
• Demonstrate it a third time, step-by-step, with an explanation.
• Have the participants practice the skill.
• Provide participants the opportunity to ask questions, give, and receive feedback from you and their peers.
• Connect the learning to actual use.
• Have participants verbally state how they will use

Arousing

Your purpose in an arousing presentation is to make people think about a certain problem or situation. You want to arouse the audience’s emotions and intellect so that they will be receptive to your point of view. Use vivid language in an arousing presentation– project sincerity and enthusiasm. “Khóa luận: How to make a succussful oral Presentation”

• Gain attention with a story that illustrates (and sometimes exaggerates) the problem.
• Show the need to solve the problem and illustrate it with an examplethat is general or commonplace.
• Describe your solution for a satisfactory resolution to the problem.
• Compare/contrast the two worlds with the problem solved and unsolved.
• Call the audience to action to help solve the problem.
• Give the audience a directive that is clear, easy, and immediate.

Persuasive

Your purpose in a persuasive presentation is to convince your listeners to accept your proposal. A convincing persuasive presentation offers a solution to a controversy, dispute, or problem. To succeed with a persuasive presentation, you must present sufficient logic, evidence, and emotion to sway the audience to your viewpoint.

• Create a great introduction because a persuasive presentation introduction must accomplish the following: Seize the audience’s attention; disclose the problem or needs that your product or service will satisfy; tantalize the audience by describing the advantages of solving the problem or need.
• Create a desire for the audience to agree with you by describing exactly how your product or service with fills their real needs.
• Close your persuasive presentation with a call to action.
• Ask for the order.
• Ask for the decision that you want to be made.
• Ask for the course of action that you want to be followed.

Decision-making

Your purpose in a decision-making presentation is to move your audience to take your suggested action. A decision-making presentation presents ideas, suggestions, and arguments strongly enough to persuade an audience to carry out your requests. In a decision-making presentation, you must tell the audience what to do and how to do it. You should also let them know what will happen if they don’t do what you ask.

• Gain attention with a story that illustrates the problem.
• Show the need to solve the problem and illustrate it with an example that is general or commonplace.
• Describe your solution to bring a satisfactory resolution to the problem.
• Compare the two worlds with the problem solved and unsolved.
• Call the audience to action to help solve the problem and give them a way to be part of the solution.

2. Oral preparation “Khóa luận: How to make a succussful oral Presentation”

2.1 Definition

Ohio Wesleyan University, in their “Guidelines for Oral Presentations” define oral presentations as “brief discussions of a focused topic delivered to a group of listeners in order to impart knowledge or to stimulate discussion. They are similar to short papers with an introduction, main body and conclusion. The ability to give brief presentations is a learned skill and the one that is called on frequently in the workplace”.

According to Clark, D in nwlink.com website, a good presentation, firstly, has content, that is it contains information that people need. But unlike reports, which are read at the reader’s own pace, presentations must account for how much information the audience can absorb. Secondly, it has structure with a logical beginning, middle, and end. It must be sequenced and paced so that the audience can understand it. While reports have appendices and footnotes to guide the reader, the speaker must be careful not to lose the audience when wandering from the main point of the presentation. Thirdly, a presentation is characterized by packaging: It must be well-prepared. A report can be reread and portions skipped over, but with a presentation, the audience has to depend on the presenter. Finally, a good presentation has human element in it. It will be remembered much more than a good report because it has a person attached to it.

2.2 The importance of oral presentation

In the literature on oral presentations, there are a number of reasons why oral presentation skills should be developed. Emden & Becker (2004: 1) hold the idea that the “ability to speak well enough to interest, influence or persuade other people is a major asset for whatever they want to do in the future and it may change them in ways that they did not expect”. That idea is true as oral presentation skills can bring many benefits for the learners. “Khóa luận: How to make a succussful oral Presentation”

The very first reason is that oral presentations often provide practice in speaking for the presenter and they develop the ability to speak to an audience. While making a presentation may seem to be a more limited activity than other tasks, such as role play, information-gap activity, it can in fact involve all the language skills. People will need to develop and use this skill throughout their life, for example, when they attend job interviews, or present a paper to a group of colleagues in a meeting.

What is more, through the mastery of speech, individuals come to be fully effective in organization, in the management and expression of ideas and arguments, especially when they write a report or even write an essay. (Powell, 2003)

Finally, when people can speak clearly, concisely, and convincingly, they will gain enormous confidence, which as Emden and Becker (2004: 2) put it “will result in an even better presentation next time” and “the newfound confidence may affect other areas of your work”. People are more ready to ask questions, respond to a challenge and organize themselves and their work more effectively.

For all reasons, giving oral presentations is one of the necessary skills that students have to acquire in learning a foreign language. In the context of HPU, it seems to be the most important skill to majors of English as it helps the students improve their own academic performance, communicate, exchange information with their peers and thereby develop personal confidence.

3. What make a successful presentation?

In my opinion, an effective presentation is the one that can attract the audience’s attention and their involvement as well as express completely the speaker’s ideas to them. However, to do this effectively we have the form of a presentation and so there are some criterions of an effective presentation. According to Big Dog’s Leadership Page they are:

• Content: It contains information that people need.
• Structure: It has a logical beginning, middle, and end. It must be sequenced and paced so that the audience can understand it.
• Human element: A good presentation will be remembered much more than a report because it has a person attached to it. According to Lenny Laskowski, an international professional speaker and the author of the book, 10 Days to More Confident Public peaking and several other publications, there are 6 elements of an effective speech.
• Give of Yourself – Use personal examples and stories in your speech whenever possible. Make sure your stories help to emphasize or support your point. The stories must match your message. Use examples from your personal and professional life to make your point. In either case be willing to give of yourself by sharing some of yourself with the audience. “Khóa luận: How to make a succussful oral Presentation”

Oral presentations are one of the most common assignments in college courses. Students always present by delivering oral presentations in class.

Therefore, learning to deliver effective presentations is a necessary skill to master both for college and further endeavors.

Oral presentations typically involve three important steps: planning, practicing, and presenting.

• Planning

Oral presentations require a good deal of planning. Researchers estimate that approximately 50% of all mistakes in an oral presentation actually occur in the planning stage, or lack of a planning stage. Make sure to address the following issues, focus your presentation on the audience. Your presentation is about how much your audience can understand. Organize your information into three to five point. Audiences can only easily remember a maximum of three to five points. Listening is much different than reading. Build repetition through summaries, transitions, and stories.

• Practicing

Practicing your presentation is essential. Record your presentation and review it in order to know how you sound and appear to your audience. You may notice that you talking too fast. Practice in front of friends and suggest feedback. Ask your friends to comment on your delivery and content. Remember that the more you practice, the more comfortable you will become with the material. As a result of repeated practice, you will appear far more polished and professional while delivering your presentation.

• Presenting

As the person in charge of the situation when presenting, it is your job to make your audience feel comfortable with both you and the material of the presentation.

Maintain eye contact. Only look at notes or slides very briefly. Be aware of your body posture. Be enthusiastic about your topic. Slow down your speech. We naturally talk faster when we are nervous. Include pauses to allow your listeners to keep up and time for you to think ahead. “Khóa luận: How to make a succussful oral Presentation”

In short, an effective presentation depends on a lot of elements such as preparation, content, structure, body language, natural humor, visual aids, etc. Each element provides a necessary criterion that helps us carry out presentation.

On the other hand, this part also presents the steps to make an effective presentation.

All above is general viewpoint about presentation; however, this research focuses more on oral presentations that will be applied for the first year English majors at Haiphong Private University. Therefore, from the next part the word “presentation” means “oral presentation”. It is going to be introduced in detail in following parts.

Making a good oral presentation is an art that involves attention to the needs of your audience, careful planning, and attention to delivery. An oral presentation is more than just reading a paper or set of slides to an audience. How you deliver your presentation is at least as important in effectively communicating your message as what you say. “Khóa luận: How to make a succussful oral Presentation”

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